In plastering engineering, the construction process of plastering mortar on the surface of the base material, which has the functions of protecting the base and increasing the aesthetics and providing special functions for the building, is called plastering engineering. The plastering project has two main functions: one is to protect the wall from the erosion of wind, rain and snow, to increase the ability of moisture-proof, weatherproof and heat insulation of the wall, to improve the durability and thermal performance of the wall; the other is to beautify the function and to improve the indoor sanitation conditions.

　　凈化空氣，美化環(huán)境，提高居住舒適度。抹灰工程通常分一般抹灰和裝飾抹灰兩大類抹灰砂漿的種類根據(jù)抹灰砂漿功能的不同，抹灰砂漿分為一般抹灰砂漿、裝飾抹灰砂漿和特種抹灰砂漿。根據(jù)生產(chǎn)方式的不同，分為現(xiàn)場拌制抹灰砂漿和預(yù)拌抹灰砂漿。

　　Purify the air, beautify the environment and improve living comfort. Plastering engineering is usually divided into general plastering and decorative plastering. According to the different functions of plastering mortar, plastering mortar can be divided into general plastering mortar, decorative plastering mortar and special plastering mortar. According to the different production methods, it can be divided into field mixing plastering mortar and ready mixing plastering mortar.

　　抹灰砂漿的組成材料膠凝材料，常用的膠凝材料有水泥、石灰、聚合物、建筑石膏等。水泥，通用硅酸鹽水泥均可以用來配制砂漿，水泥品種的選擇與砂漿的用途有關(guān)。通常對抹灰砂漿的強(qiáng)度要求并不很高，一般采用中等強(qiáng)度等級的水泥就能夠滿足要求.抹灰砂漿強(qiáng)度不宜超過基體材料強(qiáng)度兩個強(qiáng)度等級.粘貼飾面磚的內(nèi)外墻，中層抹灰砂漿的強(qiáng)度不低于M15，且優(yōu)先選用水泥抹灰砂漿。堵塞門窗口邊縫及腳手眼、孔洞堵縫，窗臺、陽臺抹面宜采用M15, M2D水泥砂漿，水泥砂漿采用的水泥強(qiáng)度等級不宜大于32. 5級;水泥混合砂漿采用的水泥強(qiáng)度等級不宜大于42. 5級。如果水泥強(qiáng)度等級過高，會產(chǎn)生收縮裂縫，可適當(dāng)摻人摻加料避免裂縫的產(chǎn)牛。

　　Cementitious materials are the components of plastering mortar. The commonly used cementitious materials are cement, lime, polymer, building gypsum and so on. Cement and general Portland cement can be used to prepare mortar. The choice of cement varieties is related to the use of mortar. Usually the strength of plastering mortar is not very high, generally using medium-strength grade cement can meet the requirements. The strength of plastering mortar should not exceed two strength grades of matrix material strength. The strength of plastering mortar is not lower than M15 when plastering interior and exterior walls of facing bricks, and the strength of middle plastering mortar is preferred to use cement plastering mortar. The M15 and M2D cement mortar should be used for window and balcony plastering. The cement strength grade used for cement mortar should not be greater than 32.5 grade, and the cement strength grade used for cement mixed mortar should not be greater than 42.5 grade. If the strength grade of cement is too high, shrinkage cracks will occur, and the cattle with cracks can be avoided by adding appropriate additives.

　　聚合物的種類和滲至在很大程度上決定了聚合物水泥砂漿的性能。改變了傳統(tǒng)砂漿的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)性能。目前已開發(fā)出品種繁多、性能優(yōu)異的各類聚合物砂漿。建筑石膏建筑石膏也稱二水石膏，將天然二水石膏在件下加熱可得建筑石青。建筑石膏與其他膠凝材料相比有以下特性:凝結(jié)硬化快。

　　The types and penetration of polymers largely determine the properties of polymer cement mortar. The technical and economic performance of traditional mortar has been changed. At present, various kinds of polymer mortars with various varieties and excellent properties have been developed. Building gypsum and building gypsum are also called dihydrate gypsum. Building gypsum can be obtained by heating natural dihydrate gypsum under parts. Compared with other cementitious materials, building gypsum has the following characteristics: fast setting and hardening.

　　建筑石膏在加水拌合后，漿體在幾分鐘內(nèi)便開始失去可塑性.3min內(nèi)完全失去可塑性而產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)度.凝結(jié)硬化時體積微型脹。石膏漿體在凝結(jié)硬化初期會產(chǎn)生微膨脹.這一性質(zhì)使石膏制品的表面光滑、細(xì)膩、尺寸梢確、形體飽滿、裝飾性好。建筑裝飾工程中很多裝飾飾品、裝飾線條都利用這一特性，廣泛使用建筑石膏，孔隙率大與體積密度小。

　　After mixing with water, the plasticity of the slurry begins to lose within a few minutes. Within three minutes, the plasticity completely loses and the strength is produced. The volume of the slurry expands minimally when it solidifies. The slight expansion of gypsum paste occurs in the early stage of setting and hardening, which makes the surface of gypsum products smooth, delicate, accurate in size, full in shape and good in decoration. Many decorative ornaments and decorative lines in architectural decoration engineering take advantage of this characteristic, and widely use building gypsum, which has large porosity and small volume density.

　　建筑石膏在拌合水化時。在建筑石膏制品內(nèi)部形成大橄的毛細(xì)孔隙，所以導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)小，吸聲性較好，屬于輕質(zhì)保溫材料。具有一定的調(diào)溫與調(diào)濕性能。由于石膏制品內(nèi)部大量毛細(xì)孔隙對空氣中的水蒸氣具有較強(qiáng)的吸附能力，所以對室內(nèi)的空氣濕度有一定的調(diào)節(jié)作用，防火性好，耐水性、抗?jié)B性、抗凍性差。細(xì)骨料配制砂漿的細(xì)骨料常用的是禾然砂。砂應(yīng)符合混凝土用砂的技術(shù)性能要求。由于砂漿層較薄.砂的大粒徑應(yīng)有所限制，理論上不應(yīng)超過砂漿層厚度的，宜選用中砂，大粒徑不大于為宜。砂的粗細(xì)程度對砂漿的水泥用量、和易性、強(qiáng)度及收縮等影響很大。

　　When building gypsum is mixed and hydrated. The capillary pore of olive is formed in the interior of building gypsum products, so the thermal conductivity is small and the sound absorption is good. It belongs to the light thermal insulation material. It has certain performance of temperature and humidity regulation. Because a large number of capillary pores in gypsum products have strong adsorption capacity for water vapor in the air, it has a certain regulating effect on indoor air humidity, good fire resistance, poor water resistance, impermeability and frost resistance. The most commonly used fine aggregate for preparing mortar from fine aggregate is gramineous sand. Sand should meet the technical performance requirements of concrete sand. Because the mortar layer is thinner, the maximum particle size of sand should be limited. In theory, it should not exceed the thickness of the mortar layer. Medium sand should be selected, and the maximum particle size should not exceed. The coarseness of sand has a great influence on the cement content, workability, strength and shrinkage of mortar.